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Guides
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Examples
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- Dipole Antenna
- Half-Wave Dipole
- Folded Dipole
- Top-Loaded Short Monopole
- Monopole Above Earth Ground
- Radio Mast Above Wire Screen
- Square Loop Antenna
- Receiving Loop Antenna
- Magnetic Loop Antenna
- ISM 433MHz Helical Antenna
- Multiband J-Pole Antenna
- Modeling a J-Fed 5-Element Collinear Antenna for the 2 m Band
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Validation
Wire Materials
The Materials page belongs to the Draw dialog box of the chosen wire type, Fig. 1. In the Materials page the following attributes can be specified:
Wire Resistivity
A resistivity in [Ohm meter] can be specified for the wire. This value is used for computing a distributed impedance along the wire, considering the skin effect. The equivalent radius for wires of non-circular cross section will be used to compute the impedance per unit length along the wires.
Resistivity values in [Ohm meter] for most common conductive materials are the following:
Material | Resistivity [Ω m] |
Aluminum (Pure) | 2.65E-8 |
Aluminum (6061-T6) | 4.01E-8 |
Aluminum (6063-T832) | 3.25E-8 |
Brass | 6.41E-8 |
Copper | 1.74E-8 |
Phosphor Bronze | 1.10E-7 |
Silver | 1.59E-8 |
Stainless Steel 302 | 7.19E-7 |
Tin | 1.14E-7 |
Zinc | 5.90E-8 |
The resistivity of wires is considered in the simulation if the option Wire Resistivity is checked in the Settings panel > of the Setup tab.
Wire Coating
Wires can have an insulation or coating material. The cross section of a coated wire is circular, so the equivalent radius will be used for wires having a non-circular cross section. In this case, the material the coating is made of can be set by the following parameters:
- Relative Permittivity: It is the dielectric constant of the coating material relative to the permittivity of vacuum.
- Relative Permeability: It is the magnetic permeability of the coating material relative to the permeability of vacuum.
- Thickness: It is the thickness of the coating shield. It can be set to zero when no coating is used.

The wire coating is considered in the simulation if the option Wire Coating is checked in the Settings panel > of the Setup tab.