Extended Double Zepp (EDZ): A Phased Array Solution for Directional Antenna Applications

Introduction

A popular choice for radio enthusiasts since 1938, the Extended Double Zepp (EDZ) antenna boasts an impressive gain advantage over traditional half-wave dipoles. This is achieved by its extended length of approximately 1¼ wavelengths (1.25λ). Interestingly, the EDZ can also be viewed as two collinear elements, each roughly 0.62-0.64 wavelengths long, fed in phase with each other. However, this extended length comes with a drawback: the EDZ’s high capacitive reactance at the feed point makes it challenging to match with the commonly used 50-Ohm coaxial cable, posing a hurdle for amateur radio applications.

Phased Array for Directionality

When a directional radiation pattern is needed, a phased array consisting of two identical EDZ dipoles can be a valuable solution. This concept is demonstrated in the following AN-SOF example model:

This phased array operates at a frequency of 28.5 MHz (10-meter band). The separation between the two EDZ dipoles is approximately 1/4 wavelength. The driven element (the one connected to the feed line) has its feed point located in the center. The other element acts as a parasitic element, influencing the radiation pattern. The model incorporates a 600-Ohm two-wire transmission line feeding the parasitic element. Additionally, each dipole is loaded with two symmetrically placed capacitors on either side of the feed point. This configuration transforms the two capacitively loaded phased dipoles into a directional antenna with a more favorable input impedance.

Performance and Advantages

When positioned at a height of one wavelength above a ground plane, this phased array exhibits a radiation pattern with a tilt of approximately 12 degrees above the horizon. While a secondary lobe appears, the array achieves a respectable gain of 14 dBi. Notably, the input impedance is 59 + j106 Ohm, a value that is significantly easier to match to a 50-Ohm coaxial cable compared to the original high capacitive reactance of a single EDZ. This phased array design also offers a cost advantage over Yagi-Uda antennas with similar gain due to its simpler construction requiring less wiring.

Conclusion

The EDZ phased array presented here demonstrates a practical approach to achieving directionality and improved impedance matching characteristics. While it exhibits a tilted main lobe pattern, the antenna offers advantages in terms of gain and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional solutions like Yagi-Uda antennas.